Hypomobility (Related impairments to ROM) is best described as which of the following?

• A. Hypomobility increases ROM
• B. Hypomobility has no relation to ROM
• C. Pain and stiffness have no relation to ROM
• D. Pain, structural limitations, stiffness, and tone issues are primary impairments

Answer: (D)

Hypomobility means a reduced ability to move a joint or body segment because movement is limited by impairments in the structures and systems that enable motion. The main contributors are pain (which causes guarding and limits use), structural limitations (such as degenerative changes, contractures, or soft tissue restrictions), stiffness (reduced tissue extensibility and altered viscoelastic properties), and abnormal muscle tone (which can disrupt joint control and limit excursion). These factors together restrict ROM, so describing them as primary impairments fits how hypomobility develops. Conversely, suggesting ROM would increase with hypomobility or that pain and stiffness don’t relate to ROM contradicts how movement is constrained in this condition.